Artificial intelligence - Class TPerceptron

[Enrico Maria Giordano]

I've been looking for some old source code to prove it to myself but this looks very similar to what I was taught as Predictor/Corrector methods back in the mid-80s

Yes, it's a very old concept. But still interesting.

EMG

[Antonio Linares]

Pedro Domingos name them "learners": software that can "learn" from data.

The simplest way of learning from data is comparing two bytes. How ? Substracting them: A zero means they are equal, different from zero means they are different.
The difference between them is the "error". To correct the error, we modify a "weight" . Its amazing that from that simple concept, all what can be built. In the same way all our software technology comes from a bit, being zero or one.

The perceptron mimics (in a very simple way) the behavior of a brain neuron. The neuron receives several inputs, each one has a weight (stored at the neuron) and the sum of all those inputs times their weights may fire or not an output.

Backpropagation helps to fine tune those weights, and finally the perceptron "adjusts" itself to the right weight for each input to produce the expected output.

AI is already everywhere and will change very much our lives and the way software is developed

[Antonio Linares]

[Antonio Linares]

Perceptrón Multicapa

[Antonio Linares]

C and C++ source code:

viewtopic.php?f=6&t=33946&p=202105#p202104

[Antonio Linares]

David Miller C++ code ported to Harbour:

viewtopic.php?p=202115#p202115

Don't miss to try your first neural network

[Antonio Linares]

Inspecting the neural network:

Code: Select all | Expand

#include "FiveWin.ch"

function Main()

   local oNet := TNet():New( { 1, 2, 1 } ), n
   local x 

   while oNet:nRecentAverageError < 0.95
      oNet:FeedForward( { x := nRandom( 1000 ) } )
      oNet:Backprop( { If( x % 5 == 0, 5, 1 ) } ) 
   end   

   oNet:FeedForward( { 15 } )
   
   XBROWSER ArrTranspose( { "Layer 1 1st neuron" + CRLF + "Input:" + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 1 ][ 1 ]:nOutput ) + ;
                                                   CRLF + "Weigth 1:" + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 1 ][ 1 ]:aWeights[ 1 ], 4, 2 ), ;
                            { "Layer 2, 1st neuron" + CRLF + "Weigth 1: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 2 ][ 1 ]:aWeights[ 1 ] ) + ;
                                                      CRLF + "Output: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 2 ][ 1 ]:nOutput ),;
                            "Layer 2, 2nd neuron" + CRLF + "Weight 1: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 2 ][ 2 ]:aWeights[ 1 ] ) + ;
                                                    CRLF + "Output: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 2 ][ 2 ]:nOutput ) },;
                            "Layer 3 1st neuron" + CRLF + "Weigth 1: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 3 ][ 1 ]:aWeights[ 1 ] ) + ;
                                                   CRLF + "Weigth 2: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 3 ][ 1 ]:aWeights[ 2 ] ) + ;
                                                   CRLF + "Output: " + Str( oNet:aLayers[ 2 ][ 2 ]:nOutput ) } ) ;
      SETUP ( oBrw:nDataLines := 4,;
              oBrw:aCols[ 1 ]:nWidth := 180,;
              oBrw:aCols[ 2 ]:nWidth := 180,;
              oBrw:aCols[ 3 ]:nWidth := 180,;
              oBrw:nMarqueeStyle := 3 )                      
   
return nil

[Antonio Linares]

Teaching a perceptron to multiply a number by 2:

Code: Select all | Expand

#include "FiveWin.ch"

function Main()

   local oNeuron := TPerceptron():New( 1 )
   local n, nValue

   for n = 1 to 50
      oNeuron:Learn( { nValue := nRandom( 1000 ) }, ExpectedResult( nValue ) )
   next

   MsgInfo( oNeuron:aWeights[ 1 ] )
   
   MsgInfo( oNeuron:Calculate( { 5 } ) )

return nil   

function ExpectedResult( nValue )

return nValue * 2

CLASS TPerceptron

   DATA aWeights

   METHOD New( nInputs )

   METHOD Learn( aInputs, nExpectedResult )

   METHOD Calculate( aInputs )

ENDCLASS

METHOD New( nInputs ) CLASS TPerceptron

   local n

   ::aWeights = Array( nInputs )

   for n = 1 to nInputs
      ::aWeights[ n ] = 0
   next

return Self

METHOD Learn( aInputs, nExpectedResult ) CLASS TPerceptron

   local nSum := ::Calculate( aInputs )

   if nSum < nExpectedResult
      ::aWeights[ 1 ] += 0.1
   endif

   if nSum > nExpectedResult
      ::aWeights[ 1 ] -= 0.1
   endif

return nil         

METHOD Calculate( aInputs ) CLASS TPerceptron

   local n, nSum := 0

   for n = 1 to Len( aInputs )
      nSum += aInputs[ n ] * ::aWeights[ n ]
   next

return nSum

[Silvio.Falconi]

Antonio,

Inteligência Artificial

https://www.facebook.com/50418455644140 ... 6636633865

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0DyYLLf3m8

[Antonio Linares]

http://www.learnartificialneuralnetworks.com/neural-network-software/backpropagation-source-code/

[Antonio Linares]

https://github.com/alkresin/hrb4fann

http://leenissen.dk/

https://github.com/libfann/fann

FannTool:
https://bitbucket.org/birolkuyumcu/fanntool/downloads/

documentation:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/fann/files/fann_doc/1.0/fann_doc_complete_1.0.pdf

https://es.slideshare.net/bluekid/fann-tool-usersguide

[Antonio Linares]

Scaled value: ( Input Value - Minimum ) / ( Maximum - Minimum )

Descaled value (Input Value): ( Scaled value * ( Maximum - Minimum ) ) + Minimum

[Antonio Linares]

Test of scaling and descaling values:

Scaling: ( value - minimum ) / ( Maximum - Minimum )

0 --> ( 0 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0
1 --> ( 1 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.111
2 --> ( 2 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.222
3 --> ( 3 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.333
4 --> ( 4 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.444
5 --> ( 5 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.555
6 --> ( 6 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.666
7 --> ( 7 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.777
8 --> ( 8 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 0.888
9 --> ( 9 - 0 ) / ( 9 - 0 ) --> 1

[Antonio Linares]

In TensorFlow we have the Softmax function which transforms the output of each unit to a value between 0 and 1, and makes the sum of all units equals 1. It will tell us the probability of each category

https://medium.com/@Synced/big-picture-machine-learning-classifying-text-with-neural-networks-and-tensorflow-da3358625601

[Carles]

Hola !

Articulo interesante que ayuda a entrar en este mundillo... https://blogs.elconfidencial.com/tecnol ... n_1437007/

Saludetes.